1. PPM

Milligrams per kilogram, or parts per million

2. Aging

When the X-ray has been turned off for a long time and turned on again, the voltage and current of the X-ray tube should be gradually increased to the specified value. The process of slowly increasing the voltage and current of the executives is called aging. The longer the X-ray is turned off, the slower the increase rate of tube current and tube current should be.

The automatic aging function can automatically increase the executive voltage and tube current at a certain speed based on the length of X-ray shutdown time.

3. Excitation condition

The optical conditions under which primary X-rays are generated by an X-ray tube and excite the sample are called excitation conditions. The excitation conditions include target material, tube voltage, tube current, and primary beam filter.

4. Quantitative analysis

The analysis of determining the content of known components in a sample is called quantitative analysis. There are two methods for quantitative analysis: empirical calibration of standard sample comparison and FP quantification. Usually, qualitative analysis is used to check which components are present in the sample before conducting quantitative analysis

5. Resolution

Energy resolution is a performance indicator of the detector, represented by the difference between the half width at half height of the differential curve and the peak energy under specific testing conditions. Half width refers to the energy width at half the peak intensity.

6. X-ray intensity

In X-ray analysis, X-ray intensity is expressed as the number of X-ray photons entering the detector window per unit time. Usually, the count per second is expressed in kcps (thousand counts per second). In the International System of Units (SI), the intensity of X-rays is expressed as the total number of ion charges caused by electrons generated by the interaction between air and X-rays when X-rays pass through 1 kg of air. Its unit is C/kg (Coulomb/kg)

7. FP quantitative method

The quantitative method using basic parameters is called FP quantitative method. The basic assumption in the FP method is that the elements are uniformly distributed in thick samples or in each layer of thin film samples relative to X-ray. Based on this assumption, fluorescence X-ray can be expressed as a function of physical parameters (basic parameters) such as component concentration, mass absorption coefficient, fluorescence yield, spectral distribution of X-ray source, etc. The relationship between the theoretical X-ray fluorescence intensity calculated by the FP method and the measured X-ray fluorescence intensity is expressed using a sensitivity calibration curve. FP quantitative method is an analytical method that uses sensitivity calibration curves to calculate quantitative values.